Construction of the Formative Assessment System for Online and Offline Blended Pharmacology Teaching

Formative assessment in a course serves both feedback and guiding functions.The blended teaching model of pharmacology,which combines online and offline methods,requires the establishment of a new formative assessment system.This system uses exams as a tool for learning retrieval,strengthening students' memory.It incorporates the characteristics of online teaching by expanding factual questions,application-based questions,diagrammatic questions,and open-ended review questions,creating a pharmacology formative assessment question bank.By using MOOCs and SPOC courses,formative assessments are conducted at different stages,allowing instructors to adjust teaching based on real-time feedback data,thus completing the teaching loop.